MusicLM: Generating Music From Text
Google's 2023 MusicLM generated minutes of coherent music from a text caption and released MusicCaps, 5,500 expert-written pairs.
Landmark Papers
What the papers actually said - linked to the originals.
691 entries, all primary-sourced
A deep-learning search for technosignatures of 820 nearby stars
A 2023 Breakthrough Listen study used a deep-learning autoencoder to scan 820 stars for technosignatures, flagging eight signals to recheck.
BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Encoders and LLMs
BLIP-2 bridged a frozen image encoder and a frozen LLM with a tiny Q-Former, beating Flamingo with 54x fewer trainable parameters.
Glaze: Protecting Artists from Style Mimicry by Text-to-Image Models
A University of Chicago tool that adds near-invisible 'cloaks' to art so AI models cannot easily learn and copy an artist's style.
Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE (Kung et al., 2023)
A 2023 PLOS Digital Health study found ChatGPT scored at or near the passing threshold on all three US medical licensing exams with no medical training.
Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools
The 2023 Meta paper that taught a language model to decide on its own when to call APIs like a calculator or search engine.
Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models (ControlNet)
ControlNet, the 2023 method that adds pose, edge, and depth control to a frozen diffusion model using zero-initialized convolutions.
Poisoning Web-Scale Training Datasets Is Practical
A 2023 paper showing an attacker could poison popular web-scale datasets like LAION-400M for around $60 by exploiting expired domains.
Hyena Hierarchy: Towards Larger Convolutional Language Models
Hyena replaces attention with long implicit convolutions and gating, reaching Transformer quality at subquadratic cost.
Not What You've Signed Up For: Indirect Prompt Injection
The 2023 Greshake paper that named indirect prompt injection: hiding malicious instructions in data an LLM later reads.
Consistency Models
Consistency models generate images in a single step by mapping noise directly to data, cutting diffusion's many sampling steps.
PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model
PaLM-E injected images and robot sensor data into a 562B-parameter language model, planning robot tasks while topping vision benchmarks.
Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusion
Diffusion Policy generated robot actions with a denoising diffusion process, beating prior methods by 46.9 percent on average.
GPT-4 Passes the Bar Exam (Katz et al., 2023)
A study reported that GPT-4 scored well enough on the Uniform Bar Exam to pass in every US jurisdiction that uses it.
ESMFold: evolutionary-scale protein structure prediction with a language model
Meta's 2023 Science paper showed a 15-billion-parameter protein language model could predict structures fast enough to map 600 million metagenomic proteins.
GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models
An OpenAI-led paper estimated about 80% of US workers could have at least 10% of their tasks affected by LLMs.
Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning
A 2023 paper that let agents learn from written self-reflection stored in memory rather than weight updates, hitting 91% on HumanEval.
Catalyzing Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence through NeuroAI
A 27-author manifesto arguing that progress in AI should draw on neuroscience, proposing an embodied Turing test as a benchmark.
Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4
The 2023 Microsoft Research paper arguing an early GPT-4 showed sparks of general intelligence, sparking a fierce debate.
BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance
Bloomberg's 50-billion-parameter language model, trained on a 363-billion-token financial corpus plus general data.
Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback
The 2023 Madaan et al. paper where a model critiques and improves its own output across iterations, with no extra training.
CAMEL: Communicative Agents for Mind Exploration of Large Language Model Society
A 2023 KAUST paper that paired role-playing LLM agents and let them cooperate autonomously through inception prompting.
TPU v4: An Optically Reconfigurable Supercomputer for Machine Learning
Google's paper on TPU v4, which uses optical circuit switches to rewire 4,096 chips into a reconfigurable AI supercomputer.
Segment Anything (SAM)
Meta's 2023 Segment Anything introduced a promptable segmentation model and SA-1B, a dataset of over 1 billion masks on 11 million images.
Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior
The 2023 Stanford and Google paper that put 25 LLM-driven characters in a sandbox town and watched them plan a party on their own.
AI-Descartes: combining data and theory for derivable scientific discovery
A 2023 paper pairing symbolic regression with logical reasoning to find equations that fit data and follow from background theory.
DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision
Meta's DINOv2 trained a billion-parameter vision transformer with no labels, producing general features that work across tasks without fine-tuning.
Visual Instruction Tuning (LLaVA)
LLaVA connected a CLIP vision encoder to an LLM and trained it on GPT-4-generated image instructions to build an open visual assistant.
PyTorch FSDP: Experiences on Scaling Fully Sharded Data Parallel
Meta's 2023 paper on Fully Sharded Data Parallel, which shards parameters, gradients, and optimizer states across workers to train far larger models.
Generative AI at Work
The first large field study of generative AI at work found a 14% average productivity gain for support agents, concentrated among novices.
Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage?
The 2023 Schaeffer et al. paper, a NeurIPS best-paper winner, arguing that LLM emergent abilities are an artifact of the chosen metric, not the model.
ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them All
Meta's ImageBind learned a single embedding across six modalities using only image-paired data to tie them all together.
Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models
The 2023 Yao et al. framework letting models search over branching reasoning steps with lookahead and backtracking.
Re-evaluating GPT-4's Bar Exam Performance (Martinez, 2023)
A follow-up study argued GPT-4's famous near-90th-percentile bar exam result was overstated and closer to the median.
Glot500: Scaling Multilingual Models to 500 Languages
Glot500 is a 2023 model and corpus covering 511 mostly low-resource languages, pushing multilingual NLP well past the usual 100.
GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models (Grouped-Query Attention)
The 2023 Google paper introducing grouped-query attention, which shrinks the inference memory of Transformers while keeping near-full attention quality.
RWKV: Reinventing RNNs for the Transformer Era
RWKV trains in parallel like a Transformer but runs at inference like an RNN, with constant memory per token.
QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs
The 2023 paper showing a 65B-parameter model could be finetuned on a single 48GB GPU using 4-bit quantization, putting LLM tuning within hobbyist reach.
ReWOO: Decoupling Reasoning from Observations for Efficient Augmented Language Models
A 2023 paper that plans all of an agent's tool calls up front instead of interleaving them, cutting token use roughly fivefold on HotpotQA.
Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIs
A 2023 Berkeley paper that fine-tuned an open model to write accurate API calls and beat GPT-4 at the task.
Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models
The 2023 paper in which a GPT-4-driven agent explored Minecraft on its own, writing and saving reusable code as skills.
Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)
The 2023 Stanford paper showing preference alignment can be done with a simple classification loss, skipping the reward model and RL of classic RLHF.
Faith and Fate: Limits of Transformers on Compositionality
Shows transformers solve multi-step tasks by matching memorized subpatterns, not true compositional reasoning.
Let's Verify Step by Step (process supervision)
The 2023 OpenAI paper showing step-by-step process supervision beats outcome supervision, and releasing the PRM800K dataset.
AWQ: Activation-aware Weight Quantization for LLM Compression and Acceleration
A 2023 quantization method that protects a small fraction of salient weights, guided by activations, to compress LLMs to 4 bits accurately.
The RefinedWeb Dataset for Falcon LLM
The 2023 TII paper arguing that filtered, deduplicated web data alone can train models that beat ones trained on curated corpora like The Pile.
Simple and Controllable Music Generation (MusicGen)
Meta's 2023 MusicGen generated music from text or a melody with a single transformer, and shipped open as part of AudioCraft.
Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
The 2023 paper that introduced MT-Bench and showed GPT-4 can grade other chatbots with over 80% agreement with humans.